TRANSFORMER PART 1

Ask a kid what he thinks about a tranformer and he will tell you "Optimus Prime".

Most of us don’t know well the importance of transformer in any electrical system. Contrary to popular belief of which one considers a transformer as just another type of electrical device, transformers especially power transformers plays a significant role in keeping the power system in order. Distant transmission of power would be very impossible in the absence of a transformer and utilizing enough amount of voltage in our homes would also be just unimaginable. A transformer does not only transform one voltage level to another but it also ensures that the energy is transferred from one circuit to another during the process effectively. The discovery and understanding of a transformer and the principles behind is broad enough for us to no longer discuss it. It is the duty of a college professor to enlighten you with the basics of transformer operation. What I am trying to show you here anyway is the role of this device and its contribution to our Power System’s Loss Analysis.

Although a power transformer is a static device compared to generators and motors, its principles doesn’t differ that much. Looking at the physical appearance of a transformer, suggests that it is just a simple device with a simple purpose. Nevertheless, one could be in big trouble if they stick to this kind of thinking. A transformer has an internal parameters far more complicated than any other electrical device found in our Power System. Besides the core, winding and the casing of a transformer, there are more to know than just these simple tangible parts.

In a simple radial system from generation to utilization, there should exist at least three transformers. First is the one that converts the generated voltage to a level that is worthy for transmission. The second transformer is use to bring it down again to a level worthy for distribution. Lastly, the third should be the one to step down the voltage to a level which can be enjoyed by the users.

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PARTS OF A POWER TRANSFORMER

What are the name of the basic parts of a Power Transformer? We can not deny the fact that only a handful of electrical engineering students are presently familiar with power transformers especially on what it looks like. Unlike a transformer we found in our homes, a power transformer’s appearance and construction is somewhat more complicated. It is not just a simple winding with a primary and secondary terminal although basically any transformer has one. The function that a power transformer plays in an electrical system is very important that an electric utility can not afford to loss it during its operation. Our discussion here will focus more on the basic parts and functions of a power transformer that are usually tangible whenever you go to a substation . Although not all power transformers are identical, nonetheless they all have the following listed parts in which the way of construction may differ.

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ELECTRIC MOTOR FRAME SIZE STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

ELECTRIC MOTOR FRAME SIZE STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS How is electric motor frame size being specified? Motor frame dimensions have been standardized with a uniform frame size numbering system. This system was developed by NEMA and specific frame sizes have been assigned to standard motor ratings based on enclosure, horsepower and speed. The current standardized frames for integral horsepower induction motors ranges from 143T to 445T. These standards cover most motors in the range of one through two hundred horsepower. Typical example of where you can locate the frame is shown in Fig 1.2.D – Frame No. The numbers used to designate frame sizes have specific meanings based on the physical size of the motor. Some digits are related to the motor shaft height and the remaining digit or digits relate to the length of the motor. The rerate, or frame size reduction programs were brought about by advancements in motor technology relating mainly to higher temperature ratings of insulating mate

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ELECTRIC MOTOR NAMEPLATE SPECIFICATIONS

How do we interpret an electric motor nameplate? Motor standards are established on a country by country basis.Fortunately though, the standards can be grouped into two major categories: NEMA and IEC (and its derivatives). In North America, the National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) sets motor standards, including what should go on the nameplate (NEMA Standard MG 1-10.40 "Nameplate Marking for Medium Single-Phase and Polyphase Induction Motors").

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