power systems loss

How does a three-phase kilowatt-hour meter being connected to its distribution transformers? As promised, here are the different illustrations of how various three-phase electric kwhr meters type are wired correspoding to its transformer-bank configurations. A simple electrical schematic showing the transformer configuration in its meter type connection will be carefully illustrated below;

How does a three-phase kilowatt-hour meter being connected to its distribution transformers? As promised, here are the different illustrations of how various three-phase electric kwhr meters type are wired correspoding to its transformer-bank configurations. A simple electrical schematic showing the transformer configuration in its meter type connection will be carefully illustrated below;

How does single-phase kilowatt-hour meter being connected to its distribution transformers? As promised, here are the different illustrations of how various electric kwhr meters type are wired correspoding to its transformer configurations. A simple electrical schematic showing the transformer configuration in its meter type connection will be carefully illustrated below;

METER TYPE FORMS FOR VARIOUS TRANSFORMER CONFIGURATIONS What are the meters used for single phase and three-phase transformer configuration? In any distribution utility, the type of loads varies significantly. Some loads are supplied through single phase transformers, some through three phase transformers, some also utilizes line to ground configuration while others line to line configurations. Correspondingly, the above mentioned configurations also require specific type of metering which should be compatible to the type of connections used. Found below are some of the common transformer configurations that an electric utility use in its distribution system. Different type of configuration requires each own type of metering standards. Transformer configuration Two-wire (2W) single phase transformer • A single phase transformer with line to ground service configuration. Three-wire (3W) single phase transformer • A single phase transformer which service configuration has center tap

 SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM LAYOUT USING SYNERGEE SIMULATION SOFTWARE Distribution system layout example using a simulation software Effective distribution line analysis requires complete considerations of all involved line equipment that exist in utility’s distribution system. Also, computing for utility’s distribution system’s loss is of the same importance since all electrical equipment connected to the system has its own loss contribution that depends on the reliability of the available information. The analysis of distribution system’s loss starts from the substation feeder all the way down to the customer’s service point. Due to the complexity of the distribution system, manual computation and analysis tends to be found impractical and time consuming for the part of the person analysing. Through the aid of modern computer simulation software, distribution loss computation became more easily available for monitoring and analysis. Furthermore, field assets like lines, switch

CLICK IMAGE TO ENLARGE The illustration above shows a simple power system one-line diagram. A power system network usually begins in the generation side.In the case of a distribution utility, their system starts at the connection point which is normally a mesh of transmission lines called a "grid". Bulk power is delivered through transmission line with a typical voltage rating ranging from 138kV and above. A power substation receives this power and then brings down the voltage level from 138kV to 69kV through the use of power transformers. A distribution substation then receives again this power to be transformed into a voltage level that can be distributed to distribution transformers before it can be utilized by commercial and residential customers. This diagram not only shows the path where the power flow but it also shows all the electrical components where power losses occur. Later we will discuss this components and how they contribute losses in the system.