power systems loss

(SCADA) COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS FREE EBOOK DOWNLOAD Authored by: M. Shahidehpour, Yaoyu Wang  The first extensive reference on these important techniques The restructuring of the electric utility industry has created the need for a mechanism that can effectively coordinate the various entities in a power market, enabling them to communicate efficiently and perform at an optimal level. Communication and Control in Electric Power Systems, the first resource to address its subject in an extended format, introduces parallel and distributed processing techniques as a compelling solution to this critical problem. Drawing on their years of experience in the industry, Mohammad Shahidehpour and Yaoyu Wang deliver comprehensive coverage of parallel and distributed processing techniques with a focus on power system optimization, control, and communication. The authors begin with theoretical background and an overview of the increasingly deregulated power marke...

SCADA SYSTEM CONTROL FREE MANUALS PDF GUIDE DOWNLOAD Various Scada System PDF guides downloads for everyone Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems, File : pdf, 842 KB, 94 pages TOC CHAPT 1. INTRODUCTION Purpose Scope References Currency CHAPT 2. FUNDAMENTALS OF CONTROL General control Discrete control Analog control Classes of analog controllers Control loops Types of controllers SCADA This document discusses the basics of SCADA systems. It serves as introduction for those who are not familiar with it, and as a reviewer for those who are already knowledgeable about the SCADA Systems. Data Acquisition System Design Selecting and building a DA&C (Data Acquisition and Control) system that actually ... control equipment by using pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical power SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA) TECHNICAL MANUAL. SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA. ACQUISITION (SCADA) SYSTEMS. FOR C...

SECURING SCADA SYSTEM FREE EBOOK DOWNLOAD Authored by: Ronald L. Krutz ABOUT THE AUTHOR: RONALD L. KRUTZ, PhD, P. E., CISSP, ISSEP, is Senior Information Security Researcher for Lockheed Martin Information Technologies. He has worked with distributed computing systems, computer architectures, real-time systems, and information security for more than forty years. Dr. Krutz founded the Carnegie Mellon Research Institute Cybersecurity Center and is coauthor of the bestselling CISSP Prep Guide, also published by Wiley. Bestselling author Ron Krutz once again demonstrates his ability to make difficult security topics approachable with this first in-depth look at SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems Krutz discusses the harsh reality that natural gas pipelines, nuclear plants, water systems, oil refineries, and other industrial facilities are vulnerable to a terrorist or disgruntled employee causing lethal accidents and millions of dollars of damage-and what can be don...

PRACTICAL SCADA FOR INDUSTRY FREE EBOOK DOWNLOAD Authored by: David Bailey, Edwin Wright * Essential reading for data acquisition and control professionals as SCADA systems have permeated modern plants and factories * Covers the fundamentals of SCADA systems hardware, software and the communications systems that connect SCADA operator stations * Provides readers with the tools to design their next SCADA system more effectively and to draw on the latest technologies This is a comprehensive book covering the essentials of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. A SCADA system is a computer system for gathering and analyzing real time data. SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and transportation. This title covers the fundamentals of SCADA systems hardware, software and the communications systems (such as Ethernet and TCP/IP) that connect SC...

PRACTICAL MODERN SCADA PROTOCOLS: DNP3, 60870.5 AND RELATED SYSTEMS FREE EBOOK DOWNLOAD Authored by: Gordon R. Clarke, Deon Reynders, Edwin Wright (BSc.) SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are at the heart of the modern industrial enterprise ranging from mining plants, water and electrical utility installations to oil and gas plants. In a market that is crowded with high-level monographs and reference guides, more practical information for professional engineers is required. This book covers the essentials of SCADA communication systems focussing on DNP3, the IEC 60870.5 standard and other new developments in this area. It commences with a brief review of the fundamentals of SCADA systems' hardware, software and the communications systems (such as RS-232, RS-485, Ethernet and TCP/IP) that connect the SCADA Modules together. A solid review is then done on the DNP3 and IEC 60870.5 protocols where its features, message structure, practical benefits and applica...

DOWNLOAD FREE ETAP SOFTWARE DEMO ON ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION ETAP Electrical Power System Software Demo Download here Before buying the actual ETAP11 Software, the company offers a demo version for those newbie in using the software. Also, this would be helpful for students who wants to learn more on power system simulation. This is a 510MB file where you can download it directly to your PC. However, if you have a slow internet connection, a Demo CD mail can also be an option. By requesting an ETAP demo, you will also receive regular newsletters and information on our latest products and services. You will have the option to opt out at any time. Please see our privacy policy. ETAP and its affiliated companies do not sell or disclose any personal information obtained from our site visitors without their consent to any unaffiliated third party for purposes unrelated to servicing their requests, unless required to do so by law or other regulatory authority Download the ...

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER THEORETICAL DISCUSSIONS Basic theoretical concept of instrument transformers guide Instrument transformer is the standardized term used for current and voltage transformer. Theoretical Reminder: Current Transformers Current transformers have a similar composition to "conventional" transformers. A magnetic circuit (generally made of an iron alloy) in the shape of a toroid is surrounded by N1 turns on the primary and N2 turns on the secondary. The primary can be reduced to a simple conductor passing through the toroid (n1 = 1) (see figure 6-2). General Application Rule Current transformers feed measuring, control and monitoring devices. Galvanic insulation electrically seperates the primary circuit from the secondary circuit. It allows earthing of the electrical measuring device and thus ensures safety of operating personnel. The current transformer is designed to give the secondary a current that is proportional to the primary current. The seondary ...

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING KNOW IT ALL EBOOK DOWNLOAD Authored by: Clive Maxfield, John Bird The Newnes Know It All Series takes the best of what our authors have written to create hard-working desk references that will be an engineer's first port of call for key information, design techniques and rules of thumb. Guaranteed not to gather dust on a shelf! The Electrical Engineering know it all covers the essential areas of electrical engineering, it is more practical than most of the large EE "handbooks," offering tips, tools of the trade, design and applications information along with summarized theory, equations and formulas that are normally found in such books. Contents: Chapter 1 An Introduction to Electric Circuits Chapter 2 Resistance and Resistivity Chapter 3 Series and parallel networks Chapter 4 Capacitors and Inductors Chapter 5 D.c. circuit theory Chapter 6 Alternating voltages and currents Chapter 7 Complex Numbers Chapter 8 Transients and Laplace transforms Ch...

STANDARD HANDBOOK FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EBOOK DOWNLOAD Authored by: H. Wayne Beaty, Donald G. Fink The Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers has served the EE field for nearly a century. Originally published in 1907, through 14 previous editions it has been a required resource for students and professionals. This new 15th edition features new material focusing on power generation and power systems operation – two longstanding strengths of the handbook that have recently become front-burner technology issues. At the same time, the entire format of the handbook will be streamlined, removing archaic sections and providing a quick, easy look-up experience. DOWNLOAD

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY THIRD EDITION EBOOK Authored by: Stephen W. Fardo, Dale R. Patrick Electrical Power Systems Technology (Third Edition) provides a broad overview of the production, distribution, control, conversion, and measurement of electrical power. The presentation method used in this book will allow the reader to develop an understanding of electrical power systems. The units of the book are organized in a systematic manner, beginning with electrical power production methods. The fundamentals of each major unit of the book are discussed at the beginning of the unit. These fundamentals provide a framework for the information that follows in each unit. The last unit has been expanded to include control devices. DOWNLOAD LINK HERE

SHUNT CAPACITOR BANK FUNDAMENTALS AND PROTECTION TECHNICAL PAPER Technical Paper written by: Gustavo Brunello, M.Eng, P.Eng, Dr. Bogdan Kasztenny, Craig Wester ABSTRACT Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve the quality of the electrical supply and the efficient operation of the power system. Studies show that a flat voltage profile on the system can significantly reduce line losses. Shunt capacitor banks are relatively inexpensive and can be easily installed anywhere on the network.   This paper reviews principles of shunt capacitor bank design for substation installation and basic protection techniques.  The protection of shunt capacitor bank includes: a) protection against internal bank faults and faults that occur inside the capacitor unit; and, b) protection of the bank against system disturbances.Section 2 of the paper describes the capacitor unit and how they are connected for different bank configurations. Section 3 discusses bank designs and grounding connec...

POWER SYSTEMS CAPACITOR EBOOK DOWNLOAD Authored by: Ramasamy Natarajan Since transmitting reactive power over long distances is not feasible, power systems integrate power factor correction capacitors to provide local reactive power compensation. With a wide range of options available and with the tremendous changes that have occurred over the past few decades, a comprehensive, up-to-date book on power factor capacitors is long overdue. Power System Capacitors fills this void by providing the fundamentals, applications, protection issues, and system impacts for a broad spectrum of capacitor applications.Power System Capacitors guides you through the practical installations with easy-to-follow, step-by-step instructions. The author describes the fundamentals of capacitors focused on the power factor correction, industry standards, capacitor specifications, protection of shunt capacitors, maintenance of capacitor banks, and system impact issues. He also discusses the selection of ...

BASIC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM GUIDE PDF DOWNLOAD Know the basics of electrical system from generation to customer billing Introduction to Electric Power Supply Systems Electric power supply system in a country  comprises of generating units that produce electricity; high voltage transmission lines that transport electricity over long distances; distribution lines that deliver the electricity  to consumers; substations that connect the pieces to each other; and energy control centers to coordinate the operation of the components.   The  Figure  1.1  shows  a  simple  electric supply system with transmission and distribution network and linkages from electricity sources to end-user. Power Generation Plant The fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, nuclear energy, and falling water (hydel) are commonly used energy sources in the power generating plant. A wide and growing variety of unconventional generation technologies and fuels ...

ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION REFERENCE BOOK EBOOK DOWNLOAD Authored by: Westinghouse Electric Corporation This ebook contains transmission line calculations useful for electrical engineers that focuses on transmission and distribution design. This is a very useful guide which tackles an in depth perspective all about the electrical transmission and distribution. DOWNLOAD LINK HERE!

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND POWER SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS Authored by: Stephen J. Chapman Stephen J. Chapman is a leading author in the area of machines. He brings his expertise to the table again in An "Introduction to Electric Machinery and Power Systems." This text is designed to be used in a course that combines machinery and power systems into one semester. Chapman's new book is designed to be flexible and allow instructors to choose chapters "a la carte", sot he instructor controls the emphasis. Chapman has written a book that give students what they need to know to be real-world engineers. It focuses on principles and teaches students how to use information as opposed to do a lot of calculations that would rarely be done by a practicing engineer. He compresses the material by focusing on its essence, underlying principles. Matlab is used throughout the book in examples and problems. DOWNLOAD LINK HERE!

SPOTLIGHT ON MODERN TRANSFORMER DESIGN BOOK DOWNLOAD Increasing competition in the global transformer market has put tremendous responsibilities on the industry to increase reliability while reducing cost. Spotlight on Modern Transformer Design introduces a novel approach to transformer design using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in combination with finite element method (FEM). Today, AI is widely used for modeling nonlinear and large-scale systems, especially when explicit mathematical models are difficult to obtain or completely lacking. Moreover, AI is computationally efficient in solving hard optimization problems. On the other hand, FEM is particularly capable of dealing with complex geometries, and also yields stable and accurate solutions. Many numerical examples throughout the book illustrate the application of the techniques discussed to a variety of real-life transformer design problems, including: • problems relating to the prediction of no-load losses; • winding...

TRANSFORMER PARALLELING TUTORIAL & DOWNLOAD In actual electrical engineering application, sometimes an engineer would sacrifice logic in order for him to achieve a greater purpose. Unlike in theory, actual engineering practice requires decision making situations where we base our decisions on more than just what we compute and what we think as the most correct action. Say for instance in paralleling tansformers, generally, it is not recommended to use two smaller size transformers, to be used in one circuit by paralleling in replacement for using a single full-size transformer with the same capacity with latter set-up. Logically speaking, utilizing two transformers will be more expensive compared to using a single unit transformer both with the same transformation capacity. Not to mention the fact that the combined losses of two transformer will be higher to that of a single transformer especially when it comes to its no-load loss  considerations. Also...

IEEE STD C37.91-2000: GUIDE FOR PROTECTIVE RELAY APPLICATIONS TO POWER TRANSFORMER Power Transformers are not only one of the most important piece of electrical device in the power system with respect to its functions but also the most expensive among all other devices found in an electrical substation. Furthermore, once a power transformer is out of service during its operation, the electric utility can not simply replace it in a short period of time not unless one has a spare which is also, mind you, can be very impractical. An electric utility can not afford to loss a power transformer because it would also mean a loss in revenue and for a manufacturer’s perspective is a loss in production. A power transformer, in which I think everybody would agree, is a very complicated form of electrical apparatus. While in operation, it is subjected to a quite number of threats which can be unpredictable, one of which is a fault that can be very damaging. Proper care and maintenance are always...

TRANSFORMER HANDBOOK: ABB This Transformer Handbook prepared by ABB contains a wide range of power and distribution transformers that aims to serve as a guide in understanding, selection, ordering, operation and maintenance of this transformers. The construction of this devices follows standards to the likings of the customers including but not limited to IEC, CENELEC, and ANSI/IEEE. This Handbook although focuses on ABB products, does not significantly differs to the common practice in specifying transformers and ABB based this handbook on their knowledge and experience. Listed below are the main topics that were discussed in this handbook: Every point found in the list are carefully considered. Also, a portion of this handbook tackles all the available standards that are relevant to transformer information. Transformer Types and their Application Quality, Internal Control, Sustainability Loss Capitalization and Optimum Transformer Design Information Required with Enquiry and...

TRANSFORMER CATALOGUE: A SAMPLE FROM MANUFACTURER Transformers are one of the primary components for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. Their design results mainly from the range of application, the construction, the rated power and the voltage level. The scope of transformer types starts with generator transformers and ends with distribution transformers. Transformers which are directly connected to the generator of the power station are called generator transformers. Their power range goes up to far above 1000 MVA. Their voltage range extends to approx.1500 kV. The connection between the different highvoltage system levels is made via network transformers (network interconnecting transformers). Their power range exceeds 1000 MVA. The voltage range exceeds 1500 kV. Distribution transformers are within the range from 50 to 2500 kVA and max. 36 kV. In the last step, they distribute the electrical energy to the consumers by feeding from the high-voltage into the ...