power systems loss

OPTIMAL SWITCHING FOR MINIMIZING LOSSES IN SYNERGEE SIMULATION What is Optimal Switching in the electrical distribution system? Optimal switching SynerGEE's optimal switching application is a powerful tool that helps you find the best operating state for feeder switches. The application accounts for exceptions, low voltages, demands, and other objectives. It is easy to use and produces a clear and understandable summary report with suggested switching operations. Application operation The optimal switching tool finds the local extreme for a single objective. The analysis starts with a base load-flow run with switches in their pre-analysis state. From all available switching pairs it finds the switching pair that would result in the best evaluation of the objective. A switching pair is one open switch and one closed switch combination. The tool performs the switching operation, runs a new load-flow, then repeats the process until no switching pairs result in an improvement of t...

SYNERGEE 4.0 FAULT LOCATION APPLICATION TUTORIALS AND GUIDE Fault Location using Synergee simulation software version 4.0 SynerGEE has an application to help find probable fault locations when the magnitude of fault current is known for a specific location. If fault values are known from electronic relay readings, fault meter values, or other sources then SynerGEE can help track down the location of the fault. This application is part of the SynerGEE Protection Module. Application approach The fault location application uses SynerGEE’s Fault Flow Analysis and detailed by-phase models to calculate fault current values at various locations in the model. For each location, SynerGEE determines the current that is seen at the metering device. In a radial, semi-homogeneous, grounded system, the type of fault can be easily determined from the fault levels seen at the point of metering. The fault type becomes more difficult to determine when some of these complexities are introduced: ...

SYNERGEE 4.0 FAULT ANALYSIS APPLICATION TUTORIALS AND GUIDE What are the types of fault analysis that synergee 4.0 offers? As an overview to synergee 4.0 fault analysis, SynerGEE supports three types of fault analysis: basic fault, fault flow and fault voltage. Fault current calculations are critical for utility and customer installations. They determine the maximum available current at a given point, or device in the system. With the calculations, over-current protective equipment, such as breakers, reclosers, and fuses with a fault current rating greater than the calculated values can be selected. If the protective equipment is not rated to handle the maximum available fault current, it will not operate effectively and will cause serious injury or property damage. Faults that occur on the electrical system are usually referred to as “short circuits”, which occurs when there is a low impedance path to the source • Low impedance path creates high current levels • M...

LARGE CUSTOMERS AND DISTRIBUTED GENERATION IN SYNERGEE VERSION 4.0 How is large customers defined in synergee 4.0 with respect to distributed generation? SynerGEE provides a special load model to handle distributed generators, co-generators, and large customers, known collectively as the “large customer.” On the map, large customers are similar to devices because they use their own map symbols and separate editors. On a functional level, a large customer is similar to a spot load and/or a modelled generator. Large customers provide the following features, which may determine whether you use them or a different load model: •  Identifiable map entity with a symbol. At its simplest level, a large customer may be functionally identical to a spot load. However, the large customer provides a symbol on the map, a listing in the SynerGEE model explorer, and easier management through tools such as reports. •  Combined generation/load. With a large customer, you can combin...

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION IN SYNERGEE VERSION 4.0 Different types of generators provided by synergee for simulation and analysis. Distributed Generation is defined as the generation of energy close to the point of use. Distributed generation has many advantages: • Reduction in building new transmission/distribution lines or upgrading existing lines. • Configured to meet peak power needs. • Configured to provide premium power (when coupled with uninterruptable power supply). • Well-suited for renewable energy technologies (located close to the user and can be installed in small increments to match the load requirement of the customer) SynerGEE supports detailed by-phase models of generators. There are four types of models. •  Induction – The machine is modelled with passive components. A variable resistance represents the electro-mechanical coupling through the notion of slip. The output power in kW can be specified. • Synchronous – Series windin...

APPLICATION OPERATION OF CAPACITOR PLACEMENT IN SYNERGEE VERSION 4.0 How is Capacitor Placement used in synergee software? Capacitor placement operates in a cumulative manner, starting from base case. The application first finds the most advantageous location for a capacitor, based on user-specified constraints. This location is offered as the first recommendation. You can then temporarily “place” a recommended capacitor in your model and have the analysis look for the next best location to further improve performance. The process can continue in this manner until one of the following occurs: • The application cannot improve system performance with another capacitor. • The application has placed the maximum number of capacitors, based on your capacitor placement analysis settings. Capacitor Placement always tries to place the largest-size capacitor first, based on the sizes you selected for the analysis. The application then moves sequentially through the sizes...

CAPACITOR PLACEMENT SOFTWARE TUTORIALS INTRODUCTION IN SYNERGEE VERSION 4.0 Importance of specifying capacitor placement in distribution system. A distribution feeder with fixed and switched capacitors is typically designed with consideration for the location and size of capacitors. Their locations are determined optimally to minimize feeder losses and comply with voltage standards at different loading levels. Banks are usually placed near a load or in areas where low voltage results from loading to provide reactive power locally so the current for the reactive load does not have to be sent through the distribution system. The reduced amount of reactive power flowing on the distribution lines between the source and capacitor bank allows a lower current flow and improves the power factor. Line losses are smaller and thus the voltage becomes higher at the load. Here are some of the benefits of capacitor use: • Released capacity in the substation and/or feeders • Impr...

SYNERGEE 4.0 GRID-STYLE REPORTS BASIC TUTORIALS AND FAQs Tutorials about dealing with reports in synergee analysis results. The grid-style reports serve the same purpose as any SynerGEE report, except add a host of new features over the older HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language – markup language for web pages) reports. How can I tell when I’m looking at a grid-style report? A grid-style report is in a condensed table format, looking much like a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with an explorer to the left. The initial coloring schema is similar to the older HTML reports, but the table and explorer layout are somewhat different. For example, a grid-style report allows the explorer items to be expanded and collapsed. Do I have to use Grid-Style reports? No. In you output options you can select HTML report generation only. However, you are encouraged to use grid-style report as they are available, because of their enhanced features. I turned on grid-style reporting in my outpu...

SYNERGEE 4.0 STARTUP RECIPE BASICS TUTORIALS AND FAQs Frequently Asked Questions in synergee 4.0 for using the recipe and reports features. Startup Recipe Recipes provide a basic scripting interface for SynerGEE. A recipe is simply a text file with a series of commands that SynerGEE runs in order, when the recipe is launched. Recipes currently support a variety of commands related to data loading, analysis, selecting features, map coloring, and more. The User Guide contains detailed information on recipes and comprehensive command syntax. For a quick reference of supported recipe commands and their syntax, you can produce a schema report in SynerGEE. What can I make a startup recipe do? A startup recipe can do anything that other recipes can do. For a complete overview on recipe capabilities, see the SynerGEE User Guide. What do people usually use the startup recipe for? A startup recipe is used to automatically load data and possibly select feeders. How do I learn ab...

DISPLAY MANAGEMENT FOR SYNERGEE 4.0 AND EDITING YOUR MODEL AESTHETICS TUTORIALS How to edit and set the map settings in synergee version 4.0? Not only that synergee is used for electrical systems analysis but more especially, it also serves as excellent mapping software. One should be familiar with the various mapping tools available for displaying and organizing model data in able maximize the software’s capability. One of the most powerful features of the SynerGEE interface is the scale-based, geographical map. With the wide variety of customization options available, the map should be a fundamental tool for understanding your model and what is happening during analysis. In many cases, the map may be only reporting mechanism you need, with its wide variety coloring and annotation options available. Colorization and annotations may also be useful for presenting analysis results to an audience, rather than long, detailed reports. To open the Map Settings dialog box, select...

WHAT’S NEW IN SYNERGEE  VERSION 4.0 What are the noticeable changes found in synergee 4.0? With a new environment in the new version of synergee, this tutorial aims to inform everyone and be familiar with the main areas of the SynerGEE application. We will also review the most commonly used toolbar buttons and modes. We will start off by being familiar with the changes in the synerGEE environment. To successfully model and analyze your electric system especially for loss segregation, you need to fully understand how to use SynerGEE. SynerGEE is designed to be intuitive and user-friendly, and a thorough knowledge of its powerful and convenient interface will significantly increase productivity. From little shortcuts to big time-savers, you should take some time to learn about the features provided to optimize your SynerGEE usage. Ribbon Bar The ribbon bar, which by far is the most noticeable changes that can be seen in synergee version 4.0 runs along the top of the S...

SynerGEE can perform detailed load modeling and a host of useful analyses on radial, looped and mesh network systems comprised on multiple voltages and configurations. All analyses rest on the solid load-flow foundation that makes SynerGEE the most reliable distribution analysis tool available. Circuit analysis with robust and technologically-advanced tools can safeguard your system through enhanced network performance, extended asset life and increased profitability. GL offers a comprehensive collection of power system analysis tools to support your data needs, including custom application development and product implementation in enterprise systems and processes. GL's service offerings include Engineering studies Load forecasting Cable assessment Distribution model building and verification GIS integration Load modeling Reliability modeling Real time model integration READ MORE >>>

Due to the complexities of the power system network, manual computations and simulations are now considered to be impractical if not infeasible. In the dawn of the computer age, engineers had come up with many differents ways in reducing the burden of solving certain problems relating to the electrical power system. This has evolved into a very sophisticated tool which are use by many of the present generation. At present, many simulation softwares had been developed to help engineers in these tedious tasks. These simulation softwares are known to be able to do many electrical computations and simulations namely; load flow analysis, fault calculations, reliability study, switching optimization, capacitor installation, etc. Not only that it can solve and suggest certain options, softwares can also be able to help in energy loss computation and segregation. Analyzing power system's loss in an electric utility is not as easy as it may sounds. Many factors are necessary to come up w...