FACTORS FOR LOAD BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

Factors for Load Behavior Analysis
Load behavior affects the performance of the
system. Likewise, the losses also depends on this.

Load profile of any electrical system is deemed not to be absolute,there are what we call the peaks and valleys. Due to the nature of electricity usage, the level of electricity demand varies significantly hour by hour, day by day, week by week , and so on. As a result, load analysis must also varies depending on the seasonality. As an example, suppose an ordinary household uses there lights from 6pm to 11pm, if we try to compare the level of power demand between time 7am and 7pm, a huge electricity demand difference can be observed. This is all because the demand differs from one time to another and it is just wise to know that analyzing load behavior must also be dynamic.

Consequently, due to varying load levels, losses in the system also varies depending on the present level of electricity demand. Losses on electrical components decreases and increases with the square of the line current and are usually at their highest during peak billing demand.Computing for level of losses using the demand can be very difficult if not impossible. Utilities typically considers using the energy in solving such problem.

Our next coming discussions will focus on the factors used in analyzing load profile/behavior of different systems. These factors helps engineers a lot in understanding more the system by applying some assumptions and rules of thumb not only for load analysis but most especially for system's loss analysis and reduction. Some of these factors that we all should be familiar with are as follows; Demand factor, Load factor, Diversity factor, Loss factor, Power factor, etc. All of these strengthens our understanding on the nature and behavior of an electrical system.

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PARTS OF A POWER TRANSFORMER

What are the name of the basic parts of a Power Transformer? We can not deny the fact that only a handful of electrical engineering students are presently familiar with power transformers especially on what it looks like. Unlike a transformer we found in our homes, a power transformer’s appearance and construction is somewhat more complicated. It is not just a simple winding with a primary and secondary terminal although basically any transformer has one. The function that a power transformer plays in an electrical system is very important that an electric utility can not afford to loss it during its operation. Our discussion here will focus more on the basic parts and functions of a power transformer that are usually tangible whenever you go to a substation . Although not all power transformers are identical, nonetheless they all have the following listed parts in which the way of construction may differ.

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ELECTRIC MOTOR NAMEPLATE SPECIFICATIONS

How do we interpret an electric motor nameplate? Motor standards are established on a country by country basis.Fortunately though, the standards can be grouped into two major categories: NEMA and IEC (and its derivatives). In North America, the National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) sets motor standards, including what should go on the nameplate (NEMA Standard MG 1-10.40 "Nameplate Marking for Medium Single-Phase and Polyphase Induction Motors").

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DISADVANTAGES OF Y-Y CONNECTION IN THREE PHASE SYSTEM

What are the disadvantages in using y-y connection? The Y-Y transformer connection was poorly understood in the early days of power engineering and it received a very bad reputation when it was first used; in fact, this connection was avoided for a long time until its limitations were overcome by good engineering practice. Some of the inherent disadvantages of the Y-Y connection are discussed below:

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