What is loss factor and how it is used in system's loss analysis?
When a loss study is performed on a particular item of equipment, peak load conditions are often assumed in the first analysis. After peak load losses are determined, the cost of these losses is computed using the calculated demand cost of losses. After peak load losses are figured, the total energy dissipated in losses over a year must be determined.
Since losses vary with the square of the load, they should not be calculated on the average load with the assumption that the result is the average losses. The only completely accurate way to calculate the average losses is to determine the load on the component for each hour of the whole year, make a separate loss calculation for each hour, and then average the results. Obviously, this method is impractical for most applications, although it is sometimes carried out by computer for studies of large substation transformers. (TVPPA nov. 1994)
Since losses vary with the square of the load, they should not be calculated on the average load with the assumption that the result is the average losses. The only completely accurate way to calculate the average losses is to determine the load on the component for each hour of the whole year, make a separate loss calculation for each hour, and then average the results. Obviously, this method is impractical for most applications, although it is sometimes carried out by computer for studies of large substation transformers. (TVPPA nov. 1994)
Fortunately, there is an easier method for determining average losses that can be carried out with minimal calculation. This method defines the LOSS FACTOR as the ratio of average losses to peak losses. Thus, formula for loss factor is as follows. (TVPPA nov.1994)
Estimating the Loss Factor
The loss factor's relationship to the load factor is nonlinear. Test made on typical electrical loads have revealed that the following formula offers a good approximation by which the loss factor can be calculated from the load factor: (TVPPA nov.1994)
The constants 0.2 and 0.8 are round off approximations to constants determined by various load studies. REA Bulletin 61-16 suggests that the constants 0.16 and 0.84 be used to estimate the loss factor.
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