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LOSS SEGREGATION


Loss reduction does not only mean putting up necessary equipments or upgrading existing configurations in order to achieve such goal. Careful planning and strategic actions must always be taken into consideration in order to be more effective in doing the job. We all know that reducing losses means money savings but it also goes in hand that reducing losses will also mean spending money for capital cost in installing necessary equipments. In order to be more accurate, specific targets should be set before doing any actions. Determining the extent of losses should first be achieved before going to the next step in loss reduction. Where to focus the utility’s energy is very vital in doing this program since with this they can be efficient enough not to waste the company’s time and money. A popular Art of War principle is very applicable to this kind task and that is “To divide and conquer”. Because facing the problem head on will only bring more problems to the table, a good strategy in minimizing losses is to segregate it first.

Segregation in the electrical context is the process of sorting and identifying the contributions of each part of the power system to the over-all losses. Giving weight (usually in percentage) to the different areas of the system with regards to the losses it contribute is known to be more effective in trying to reduce the system’s loss that is present. It was discussed in the previous posts that there are known system components that are identified to produce losses during operation namely; transmission lines, substation transformers, distribution/primary lines, distribution transformers, secondary lines, and voltage regulators. Losses can be best segregated using the stated different kinds of system components.
In practice, after getting the over-all system’s loss through the use of the percent system’s loss formula discussed previously, distribution utilities usually breaks down this value which will represent the sharing of the components stated earlier. Through the use of today’s sophisticated simulation software, companies are now being able to simulate the segregated losses using the feeder’s existing demands and load behavior. Below is an example of how losses are segregated for electric utilities to plan which area they should focus more in bringing down the system’s loss level.
  • Transmission/Sub-transmission Lines – 1%
  • Power Transformers – 2%
  • Primary Lines - 0.75%
  • Distribution Transformers -1.5%%
  • Secondary Lines – 3%
  • Voltage Regulators -1%
Total/Over-all Percent System’s Loss – 9.25%

SAMPLE PIE CHART OF SEGREGATED LOSSES


Through Loss Segregation, electric companies can strategically analyze the present situation and can help them decide which course of action to take.
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