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TECHNICAL LOSS BREAKDOWN

TECHNICAL LOSS BREAKDOWN
How does technical loss being computed?

We learned from our previous discussions that in every electric utility, the system's loss are typical categorized into two; Technical and Non-Technical loss. In addition to that, we will further try to integrate this types of losses. The Technical Loss is the component of Utility's Distribution System Losses that is inherent or natural in the electrical equipment, devices and conductors used in the physical delivery of Electric Energy. It includes the Load and No-Load (or Fixed) Losses in the following: 




  • Sub-transmission Lines; 
  • Substation Power Transformers; 
  • Primary Distribution Lines; 
  • Voltage Regulators; 
  • Capacitors; 
  • Reactors; 
  • Distribution Transformers; 
  • Secondary Distribution Lines; 
  • Service Drops; and 
  • All other electrical equipment necessary for the operation of the Distribution System. 
Technical Loss also includes the electric energy dissipated by the electrical burdens of the Metering Equipment such as potential and current coils and the Instrument Transformers.In summary, anything that are attached to the system that conducts electricity are all subject to technical losses.


Technical Loss 

The Technical Loss for the billing period is the sum of the hourly Load and No-Load (or Fixed) Losses in all distribution equipment, devices and conductors. It is calculated based on Three-Phase Load Flow simulations of the Distribution System using the appropriate Distribution Network and Load Models. The Load Flow simulations must capture all technical losses from the incoming and outgoing Delivery Points of the unbalanced three-phase Distribution System (i.e., all Load and Non-Load Losses of all equipment, devices and conductors from sub-transmission lines to the service drops of the Distribution Customers). 

For the purpose of calculating the Technical Loss, the Delivery Points of the Distribution System shall be the Metering Points (i.e., the location of the metering equipment). 
In equation form, the Technical Loss shall be computed as follows: 

Technical Loss = 
= Î£[Hourly Load Losses in Sub-transmission Lines] 
+ Î£[Hourly Load and No-Load Losses of Power Transformers in 
Distribution Substations] 
+ Î£[Hourly Load Losses in Primary Distribution Lines] 
+ Î£[Hourly Load and No-Load Losses of Distribution Transformers] 
+ Î£[Hourly Load Losses in Secondary Distribution Lines] 
+ Î£[Hourly Load Losses in Service Drops] 
+ Î£[Hourly Load and No-Load Losses in Voltage Regulators] 
+ Î£[Hourly Fixed Losses in Capacitors] 
+ Î£[Hourly Fixed Losses in Reactors] 
+ Î£[Hourly Losses in Metering Equipment] 
+ Î£[Hourly Losses in other Electrical Equipment] 


 The Technical Loss associated with Metering Equipment shall be the electric energy dissipated in the burdens of the Metering Equipment. It shall be estimated using the following equations: 
 
Potential Transformer Loss 
= Power Loss in Potential Transformer (kW) x Number of 
Potential Transformers x Number of Operating Hours 
in the Billing Period 
Current Transformer Loss 
= Power Loss in Current Transformer (kW) x Number of 
Current Transformers x Number of Operating Hours 
in the Billing Period 
Electric Meter Potential Coil Loss 
= Power Loss in Electric Meter Potential Coil (kW) x 
Number of Electric Meters x Number of Operating Hours 
in the Billing Period 
Electric Meter Current Coil Loss 
= Power Loss in Electric Meter Current Coil (kW) x 
Number of Electric Meters x Number of Operating Hours 
in the Billing Period 
The Distribution Utility shall conduct electrical tests to determine the power loss (kW) of the instrument transformers and electric meters. The number of operating hours shall be computed as the number of days times 24 hours less System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) in hours in the billing cycle. 
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