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SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER LOSSES

SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER LOSSES
The primary function of a power transformer is to transform system voltage from one nominal level to another. The transformer has to be capable of carrying (within the guidelines of ANSI/IEEE Std. C57.92) the power flow for its particular location in the system under various operating conditions and contingencies, such as line or transformer outages.
After we have discussed the contribution of transmission lines and its effects to the level of system’s loss in every utility, we now move to the next part of our discussion which is the Power Transformer.
Unlike transmission lines, the functions of power transformer in the system are somewhat more complicated. Power transformers, also known as substation transformers, steps down voltage level received from transmission lines from a higher voltage down to primary distribution levels. This exists in every electric utility due to the fact that most distributors purchase wholesale electricity at transmission voltage levels. Ideally, any transformer should transfer power from one voltage level to another at 100% efficiency but in reality it is a bit difficult to attain. Losses always exist no matter what type of material you use.


The behaviour of loss in a transformer is more complex than those of an overhead line. Line loss depends majority to the conductor’s electrical resistance and are usually determined by the  I squared R formula. With respect to transformer, mostly of any type (Substation transformer, distribution transformer, and voltage regulating transformers), consist mainly of two types of losses, the LOAD LOSS and the NO-LOAD LOSS.








CONTINUE TO TRANSFORMER LOAD LOSS
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