Skip to main content

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS IN AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS IN AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMRole of Distribution Transformers in an electric utility and its functions?

Before voltages are converted into a level which can be utilized by a typical electric utility customer, voltage transformation occurs first in the distribution transformers. The function of a distribution transformer does not differ much of that a power transformer. The only obvious disparity is its voltage level.
Image Detail

A distribution transformer basically reduces voltages from medium voltage level to low-voltage level of which that can be readily used by the end-users like in residential and commercials establishments. This voltage level is also termed as the final voltage transformation since this is the level used by the customers.

A distribution transformer in an electric distribution system can be either a pole-mounted transformer which is mounted and found attached to a utility pole or a pad-mounted transformer which can be located underground, on concrete pads or located in steel cases.

The load scope of a distribution transformer usually depends on the discretion of the utility as long as it satisfies the operation standards used in dealing with this kind of equipment. Usually, a distribution transformer can be used to cater multiple loads like in residential places or it can be design to serve one dedicated customer. The former are known as common distribution transformers while the latter is considered to be a solo type of distribution transformer.

Distribution transformers are coined by electric utilities as “load centers” since they are like mini-substation that serves its customers power demands. The volume of distribution transformers in an electric utility can be directly proportional to the number of customers it serves.

Like a power transformer, distribution transformers have a primary and secondary winding and are typically enclosed in a transformer tank. Some distribution transformers are oil-insulated and some are dry-type. A transformer is considered to be a distribution transformer if it has a KVA rating of not more than 500 kVA.

Also, like a power transformer, no load loss and Load loss also occurs in a distribution transformer since they have the same operating principle and function. A typical distribution transformer is design to be used for single phase application but nevertheless, a single unit three phase transformer is also available for use. However, the usual practice is to bank a single-phase distribution transformer to create a three-phase connection.

This three-phase connection can be wye-wye, wye-delta, delta-delta, delta-wye, or any combination possible. Unlike a power transformer, the application of a distribution transformer is somewhat less complicated since it does not require intensive protection and monitoring. A simple cut-out fuse is enough to protect the equipment from faults and overloads.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

PARTS OF A POWER TRANSFORMER

What are the name of the basic parts of a Power Transformer? We can not deny the fact that only a handful of electrical engineering students are presently familiar with power transformers especially on what it looks like. Unlike a transformer we found in our homes, a power transformer’s appearance and construction is somewhat more complicated. It is not just a simple winding with a primary and secondary terminal although basically any transformer has one. The function that a power transformer plays in an electrical system is very important that an electric utility can not afford to loss it during its operation. Our discussion here will focus more on the basic parts and functions of a power transformer that are usually tangible whenever you go to a substation . Although not all power transformers are identical, nonetheless they all have the following listed parts in which the way of construction may differ.

ELECTRIC MOTOR FRAME SIZE STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

ELECTRIC MOTOR FRAME SIZE STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS How is electric motor frame size being specified? Motor frame dimensions have been standardized with a uniform frame size numbering system. This system was developed by NEMA and specific frame sizes have been assigned to standard motor ratings based on enclosure, horsepower and speed. The current standardized frames for integral horsepower induction motors ranges from 143T to 445T. These standards cover most motors in the range of one through two hundred horsepower. Typical example of where you can locate the frame is shown in Fig 1.2.D – Frame No. The numbers used to designate frame sizes have specific meanings based on the physical size of the motor. Some digits are related to the motor shaft height and the remaining digit or digits relate to the length of the motor. The rerate, or frame size reduction programs were brought about by advancements in motor technology relating mainly to higher temperature ratings of insulating mate

ELECTRIC MOTOR NAMEPLATE SPECIFICATIONS

How do we interpret an electric motor nameplate? Motor standards are established on a country by country basis.Fortunately though, the standards can be grouped into two major categories: NEMA and IEC (and its derivatives). In North America, the National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) sets motor standards, including what should go on the nameplate (NEMA Standard MG 1-10.40 "Nameplate Marking for Medium Single-Phase and Polyphase Induction Motors").