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LINE VOLTAGE REGULATORS CHARACTERISTICS AND OPERATION


LINE VOLTAGE REGULATORS CHARACTERISTICS AND OPERATION
Line voltage regulators' discussion and operation.

Primary distribution feeders in rural areas often extend so many miles that maintaining proper voltage over the entire length of the feeder will supply poit regulators alone is impossible. Line regulators located approximately at the mid-point of such feeder provide additional regulation to support the voltage on the remote parts of the feeder.

Characteristics of Line Regulators
The most common types of line regulators operate similarly to substation regulators. However, line regulators are usually smaller, are more likely to be formed from single-phase units, and are physically constructed for platform mounting on a pole or poles. The discussion above of loss characteristics of substation regulators also applies to line regulators. The major operational difference is that line regulators normally are used only for boosting voltage, and there is no way to center the operation around the neutral position.

Fixed Boosters
Another type of line regulator is a device that applies a fixed boost to line voltage (typically 5%) with no automatic tap position changes. Sometimes conventional distribution transformers are modified and connected in a special way to perform this function.

Staging Regulators
Voltage drop conditions are so severe on some long feeders that multiple stages of line regulators and/or fixed boosters are used. The necessity for more than one stage of line regulation should signal the distributor that it needs to consider upgrading the line conductors and configurations so adequate voltagecan be maintained. Losses occur within each regulator installation, and the need for many regulators indicates that line conductors are too small for prevailing load conditions and that line losses are excessive.

Operation and Maintenance of Regulators
To retain their best advantages for the system, voltage regulators need periodic attention. Since regulators having moving parts, regular preventive maintenance checks should be made at each installation. Also, changes in the load necessitate the adjustment of settings from time to time.

Finally, if distribution lines are upgraded so regulators are no longer necessary, the regulators should be removed to eliminate their continued losses.
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