METER RELATED POWER LOSS IN POWER SYSTEM

What are the different types of electric meters related power losses?

Besides losses found in the power system namely; transmission line loss, substation transformer loss, distribution line loss, distribution transformer loss, secondary line loss, and other electrical device losses, another part in an electric utility where power losses usually occur is in the power and energy recording device specifically for revenue purposes.

These meters are mainly responsible for the accurate and precise recording of the power consumed by the end-user. All revenues that the utility bills solely rely on the dependability of this electrical device.

Discussed below are the common problems encountered in dealing with electrical meters. The financial health of a business like electricity distribution is dependent on this electrical device.

Electric Metering Deficiencies

Defective meters; miswired meters; meter reading errors; data entry errors; misrecorded meter multipliers; misapplied rate schedules; low demand resolution; electronic meters; poor meter security.

The system electrical loss that is the concern of this manual has been defined as the difference between the power and energy input to the system and the power and energy sold to consumers or otherwise used in a productive manner.

The amount of power and energy sold to consumers is measured by retail electric meters, so the accuracy and dependability of these devices is essential to an effective loss management program.

Power and energy that is received by consumers but not recorded on the billing system is not a loss in the strict sense of the word. However, the financial impact of revenue lost because of defects in the metering system is just as real as revenue lost because of excessive line and transformer losses.

Therefore, consideration of metering system effectiveness is included as part of the loss management program described by this manual. Metering system deficiencies that may lead to failure to report all delivered power and energy can be classified as follows.

• Defective meters
• Miswired meters
• Meter reading errors
• Data entry errors
• Misrecorded meter multipliers
• Misapplied rate schedules
• Low demand resolution
• Poor meter security

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PARTS OF A POWER TRANSFORMER

What are the name of the basic parts of a Power Transformer? We can not deny the fact that only a handful of electrical engineering students are presently familiar with power transformers especially on what it looks like. Unlike a transformer we found in our homes, a power transformer’s appearance and construction is somewhat more complicated. It is not just a simple winding with a primary and secondary terminal although basically any transformer has one. The function that a power transformer plays in an electrical system is very important that an electric utility can not afford to loss it during its operation. Our discussion here will focus more on the basic parts and functions of a power transformer that are usually tangible whenever you go to a substation . Although not all power transformers are identical, nonetheless they all have the following listed parts in which the way of construction may differ.

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ELECTRIC MOTOR NAMEPLATE SPECIFICATIONS

How do we interpret an electric motor nameplate? Motor standards are established on a country by country basis.Fortunately though, the standards can be grouped into two major categories: NEMA and IEC (and its derivatives). In North America, the National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) sets motor standards, including what should go on the nameplate (NEMA Standard MG 1-10.40 "Nameplate Marking for Medium Single-Phase and Polyphase Induction Motors").

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