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BASIC SCADA: SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM TUTORIALS

BASIC SCADA: SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM TUTORIALS
Basic discussion on SCADA system in electrical utilities for automation

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition or known for the acronym of SCADA is a communication system that is used to monitor and control an industrial plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, power system, oil and gas refining and transportation.

These systems encompass the transfer of data between a SCADA central host computer and a number of Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and/or Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and the central host and the operator terminals.

A SCADA system gathers information (such as what is the current status of a feeder in an electrical substation), transfers the information back to a central site, then alerts the home station that a feeder tripping occurred in a substation, carrying out necessary analysis and control, such as determining if the tripping is momentary, and displaying the information in a logical and organized fashion.

These systems can be relatively simple, such as one that monitors environmental conditions of a small office building, or very complex, such as a system that monitors all the activity in a nuclear power plant or the activity of a municipal water system. Traditionally, SCADA systems have made use of the Public Switched Network (PSN) for monitoring purposes.

Today many systems are monitored using the infrastructure of the corporate Local Area Network (LAN)/Wide Area Network (WAN). Wireless technologies are now being widely deployed for purposes of monitoring.

A SCADA system is made-up of the following.

• One or more field data interface devices, usually RTUs, or PLCs, which interface to field sensing devices and local control switchboxes and valve actuators

• A communications system used to transfer data between field data interface devices and control units and the computers in the SCADA central host. The system can be radio, telephone, cable, satellite, etc., or any combination of these.

• A central host computer server or servers (sometimes called a SCADA Center, master station, or Master Terminal Unit (MTU)

• A collection of standard and/or custom software [sometimes called Human Machine Interface (HMI) software or Man Machine Interface (MMI) software] systems used to provide the SCADA central host and operator terminal application, support the communications system, and monitor and control remotely located field data interface devices

source: National Communication System, Technical Information Bulletin 04-1
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