power systems loss

Technical and Non-Technical Losses Two kinds of losses exists in an electric utility, it is unavoidable to have people who takes advantage of the vulnerability of the system.

Loss reduction does not only mean putting up necessary equipments or upgrading existing configurations in order to achieve such goal. Careful planning and strategic actions must always be taken into consideration in order to be more effective in doing the job. We all know that reducing losses means money savings but it also goes in hand that reducing losses will also mean spending money for capital cost in installing necessary equipments. In order to be more accurate, specific targets should be set before doing any actions. Determining the extent of losses should first be achieved before going to the next step in loss reduction. Where to focus the utility’s energy is very vital in doing this program since with this they can be efficient enough not to waste the company’s time and money. A popular Art of War principle is very applicable to this kind task and that is “To divide and conquer”. Because facing the problem head on will only bring more problems to the table, a good strategy in

How to determine the electric utility's overall power system's loss? Solving for an Electric Utility's Overall system's loss can be easier than you can think of. Distribution Utilities computes their over all Percent System's loss  in a very simple manner. The result of this computation serves as a signal on how the company is doing with respect to minimizing their energy losses and how are they performing.

Distribution System Loss Reduction Manual (According to Distribution System Loss Reduction Manual) By: Tenesse Valley Public Power Association R&D Before we integrate all the necessary analysis in relation to power system’s loss; especially focusing on the different components involved, let us first be oriented with the widely accepted procedure in loss management according TVPPA Research & Development Loss Reduction Step: 1 Read and Study the DSLR Manual The first step is to read and study the Distribution System Loss Reduction Manual. Persons who will be working on the distributor’s loss control program need to be familiar with the entire spectrum of matters involving distribution loss control. This manual outlines the important aspects of a loss control program and can be used to develop the necessary knowledge and skills for the distributor’s loss control team. Some formal classroom training using this manual as a textbook is recommended.

Purchased energy from generation companies entails monetary amount from purchasing distribution utility. Likewise, electrical energy lost during transmission and distribution especially during delivery to end-users means an equivalent lost in revenue. It is then only logical to say that Power Loss Study and Mitigation can help distribution companies minimize large financial sacrifices due to losses and help them improved their economic status. By understanding how losses occurs in a system will help equip distribution utilities in making necessary decisions in formulating a program to control power losses in their franchise. Distribution utilities that can measure the extent of losses in their system will also be able to compare the monetary equivalent of this value to the possible cost of investment they are going to implement in order for them to correct such situation. They can be able to evaluate the cost of these losses versus the cost of the means to reduce it whether they will

Electrical devices shown below are system components where losses usually occur. Any electrical components that has a resistance dissipates energy turning it to heat or of other form which are also considered to be losses of the system as explained in the previous discussions. Voltage Regulators (image courtesy of  indiamart.com ) Distribution Transformers (image courtesy of  tradevv.com ) Substation Transformers (image courtesy of  osha.gov ) Primary Lines ( hopshop.net ) Transmission Lines (image courtesy of  theresilientearth.com ) Secondary Lines (image courtesy of  oklahomaselltoday.com ) Regulators, Distribution Transformers, Substation Transformers, Transmission Lines, Primary Lines, and Secondary Lines are the common electrical devices that produce losses in the system.

CLICK IMAGE TO ENLARGE The illustration above shows a simple power system one-line diagram. A power system network usually begins in the generation side.In the case of a distribution utility, their system starts at the connection point which is normally a mesh of transmission lines called a "grid". Bulk power is delivered through transmission line with a typical voltage rating ranging from 138kV and above. A power substation receives this power and then brings down the voltage level from 138kV to 69kV through the use of power transformers. A distribution substation then receives again this power to be transformed into a voltage level that can be distributed to distribution transformers before it can be utilized by commercial and residential customers. This diagram not only shows the path where the power flow but it also shows all the electrical components where power losses occur. Later we will discuss this components and how they contribute losses in the system.